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(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. BOROHARDT. REGOIL MAGAZINE PISTOL.

No. 571.260 Patented Nov. 10, 1896.

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Q o 0. t 3 $2 THE nonms PETERS co monnlwo WASHINGTON a c iiNtTEn STATESPATENT @rrrcn.

HUGO BORCHARDT, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

Recon. MAGAZINE-PISTOL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 571,260, dated November10, 1896.

Application filed October-21, 1893. Serial No. 488.759. (N0 model.)Patented in Germany September 9, 1898, No. 75,887; in

Austria-Hungary September 11, 1893, No. 49,411 and No. 81,626; inSwitzerland 8eptemberl6, 1893, No. 7,296; in Belgium September 18, 1893,No. 106,460; in Norway September 19, 1893, No. 3,324; in FranceSeptember 21, 1898, No. 282,975; in Italy September 25,1893,1 To.285; inSpain September 29, 1393,110. 15,014, and in England October 6,1893,

To all whom it Til/(Ly concern..-

Be it known that I, IIUGO BORCHARDT, a citizen of the I'nited States, atpresent residing in the city of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia,German Empire, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inRecoil Magazine Pistols and Firearms, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention is the subject-matter of Letters Patent in England, No.18,774, dated October U, 1893; in Germany, No. 75,837, dated September9, 1893; in France, No. 232,975, dated September 21, 1893; inAustria-Hungary, No. 19,111 and No. 81,626, dated September 11, 1893; inSwitzerland, No. 7,296, dated September 16, 1893; in Italy, No. 285,dated September 25, 1893; in Spain, No. 15,011, dated September 29,1893; in Norway, No. 3,321, dated September 19, 1893, and in Belgium,No. 196,160, dated September 18, 1893.

This invention relates to breech-loading magazine pistols and firearms,and particularly to those actuated by the recoil of the tired cartridgeto reload and cock the pistol or arm.

llerctofore recoil-operated firearms have been constructed with alongitudinally-movable barrel actuated by the recoil, a breechbolt,links connecting said breech-bolt and barrel, means for returning thebarrel to position after recoil, and mechanism for actuating the linksto withdraw the breech-bolt and open the breech, and for returnin thebreechbolt to normal position.

The object of the invention is to provide various improvements in sucharms and to provide a repeating pistol, furnished with a magazinecontaining a number of cartridges and inclosed in the butt, which by therecoil of the fired cartridge opens the breech, extracts and ejects theempty shell, cocks the tiring-pin, shoves the cartridge which hasascended from the magazine into the barrel, and closes the barrel, sothat the arm is ready to be tired again. The recoil of the arm is useddirectly for opening the breech against the momentum of the parts andagainst the force of different springs, which are compressed ordistorted, and it executes thereby so much work that this power iscompletely balanced, so that the hand holding the arm feels no shock.1Vhile the parts are reaching their extreme backward position, theuppermost cartridge in the magazine rises in the path of and in front ofthe bolt. After the recoil is exhausted, at which time the parts are inthe extreme backward position, the different springs compressed by therecoil exert their reacting power in pushing forward the bolt and withit the uppermost cartridge until the latteris driven home into thebarrel and the breech closed. In this way the recoil is used indirectlyfor closing the breech. The pistol is now again ready to be fired bypressin g the trigger.

It is a very remarkable feature of the new pistol that the butt standsout at about right angles to the direction of the barrel at the underside of the pistol, whereby the weapon lies much more firmly and moreconveniently in the users hand than did the old-fashioned arm having asloping butt. Therefore, as the 'hand and arm muscles are not strainedunnaturally in holding the weapon, the aiming is easier and more exact,and this effect is sustained by the absence of any shock at thedischarge and by the novel disposition of the weight of the arm, so thatthe barrel is counterbalanced by the back portion of the pistolextending backward above the hand and about to the wrist, more or less,according to the size of the pistol.

In the accompanying drawings, which show the preferred adaptation of theinvention,Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevation of the left side of apistol. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof. Fig. 2 is a fragmentaryplan View thereof. Fig. 3 is a fragmentary horizontal axial sectionthereof, the barrel being in plan. Fig. 4 is a fragmentary verticalaxial section thereof. Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation thereofcorresponding to Fig. 1, but showing some of its parts broken out and insection. Fig. 5" is a cross-section of the button the line 5 5, Fig. 5.Fig. 6 is afragmentary vertical axial section of the arm, the partsbeingshown in the open position. Fig. 7 is f Fig. 4..

a fragmentary vertical cross-section cut on the line 7 7 of Fig. 5, theparts being in the closed position. Fig. 8 is a plan view of themagazine removed. Fig. 9 is a fragmentary side elevation thereof. Fig.10 is a fragmentary front elevation thereof. Fig. 11 is a verticallongitudinal section thereof; and Fig. 12 is a top and face View of themagazine-lock and its spring, the magazine being shown in dotted lines.

Referring to the drawings, I will now describe the preferred embodimentof my invention, in which the pistol consists of four main parts,namely, the butt 7c, constituting the handle of the arm and forming withthe easing inclosing the lock mechanism and hereinafter called the framea one piece, and the trigger-guard; the barrel Z), guided by itsrearwardly projecting slides 12, which are rigid separated extensions ofthe barrel, movably engaging with the frame a; the bolt 0 with thefiring-pin (I; and the toggle-jointff, and springs and other detailsbelonging to it; and the trigger arrangement, cartridge-magazine, safetydevice, and other details, are provided besides.

The ammunition used is in the form of the usual metallic shellcartridges with caps in the bottom. These cartridges are placed in aseparable sheet metal magazine m, which is slipped into the butt in, andthe cartridges are pressed up by a spring m into a position in front ofthe retracted breech-bolt c as soon as the latter has reached itsextreme rearward position, as shown in Fig. 6. After the cartridge hasbeen pushed forward and driven home into the barrel Z) by the forwardsliding movement of the breech-bolt, and after the breech is closed bythe breech-bolt, the eartridge is exploded by the springing forward ofthe firing-pin (Z upon pulling the trigger. The recoil created by theexplosion forces the barrel 1), together with its slides h, bearing themovable parts of the lock, to slide backwardly in the grooves of theframe a. At the rear ends of the slides h is pivoted a spindle h, onwhich turns the rear link f of the toggle-joint which works between theslides 71, the projecting ends of the pivotal spindle it being guided intwo horizontal slots 7L3 in the walls of the frame, (shown in dottedlines in Fig. 1,) whereby the rearward motion of the barrel 1) islimited. The slots are covered on the outer sides of the case by plates71 which protect the spindle against lateral displacement.

The rear portion of the link f is widened to fit between the walls ofthe frame a and is furnished with one or more friction-rollers The frontend of the link f is widened to form finger-handles g g, extending toopposite sides beyond the slides h to enable the breech to be opened byhand. The

link f is jointed between these handles to the rear end of the frontlink f of the toggle-joint, and the opposite end of this front link isjointed to the top side of the bolt 0, the link being formed on its leftside with a projecting arm or finger f Fig. 6, which enters in front ofa stop d, formed on the firing-pin d, which works within the bolt. Thebolt moves between the slides h of the barrel, being guided by two sideribs 0, formed on its opposite sides and working in grooves in theslides h, Fig. 7. The left-hand one of these ribs 0 is also groovedlongitudinally to make room for the nose of the sear i, as shown in Fig.3, so that the sear strikes and holds the stop (1 of the advancing bolt,whereby the fir ing-pin (Z is arrested and cocked. This firingpin iscylindrical with the exception of the stop (1, and being hollow isactuated by a spring (Z within it, the back end of which bears against ascrew-plug d in the rear end of the bore in the bolt. The front end ofthe bolt is recessed so as to receive the base of the cartridge, and isfurnished at its top with a spring claw or extractor j and at its bottomwith a slot or recess into which the end of the cartridge-ejector Z mayenter when the bolt in its rearward movement reaches its extremebackward position.

The frame a is closed at its rear end by a thrust-piece a with theexception of the openings necessary for the springs n and 0, the shapeof the front wall of the thrust-piece a being that of a cam, preferablyconcavely curved, as shown inFigs. 3 and 6. The screw 19, which passesthrough two cars of the frame (1, serves not only to keep theprotecting-cap p in its place between the walls of the frame a, but alsoconstitutes a fulcrum for the spring 12. The shorter arm of the spring91 bears against the frame a, as shown in Fig. 6, while its longer armsweeps around in a bow and at its free end engages a link 71., which ispivoted to the rear toggle-link f and swings freely in a socket in thelatter. The spring 0, called the buffer-spring, is secured by a pin 0within the lower rear part of the frame a, and its front portion is bentupward and is forked to allow the spring a to enter the gap thus formed.

Upon the discharge of the pistol the barrel 1) and its slides h and pinh are thrown back, as already stated, until the friction-rollers f (seeFig. 4) of the toggledinkf strike the thrust-piece a, and by reason ofits rounded or cam shape are forced downward, thereby bending thetoggle-j oint, throwing its central portion upward, and pulling back thebolt 0 relatively to the barrel until this bolt has slid back to theposition shown in Fig 6, which shows the termination of the retractilemovements of the parts. During this movement the empty shell is drawnback by the clawj, and, its lower side striking the ejectorl after itsfront end emerges from the barrel, it is thrown upward and ejected fromthe breech. The backward movements caused by the recoil are opposed bythe tension of the firingpin spring (1 and the spring a, which springsso ease the backward movement that the buffer-spring 0, by which thismovement is finally checked and stopped by its engagement with thefriction-rollers J, is subjected to but little strain. By reason of thisclose balancing of forces this new pistol imparts little or no shock tothe hand of the person firing it. lVhen the recoil of the discharge andthe momentum of the parts have been exhausted, the stored up energy inthe compressed springs comes into play. The spring it pulls thetoggle-joint f f down and straightens itout,beingassistedatfirstbythespringo. The bolt 0 on being thus drivenforward pushes before it the next cartridge which has been pushed upfrom the magazine into the breech and rams this cartridge home into thebarrel, and during the forward movement of the bolt the firing-pin (Zadvances with it until its stop (1 comes in contact with the sear i,which stops it,holding it cocked, as in Fig. 3. These motions occur soquickly that the eye cannot follow them, and the finger, which in firingthe arm has pulled the trigger g, has ordinarily no time to release it.In order, therefore, that the stop (1' shall find the sear i alreadypressed in so that it stands in its path to arrest it and cook thefiring-pin, (without which the pistol upon being reloaded wouldimmediately fire itself without control of the operator,) the sear 2' isprovided at its front end with a small pin 2", seated against a coiledspring and adapted to be pressed back into the bore-hole in the leveragainst this spring. The sear 'i being pivoted to the left-hand slide itmoves backward and forward with it, and in its forward movement if thetrigger be still pressed by the finger the pin 1' strikes squarelyagainst the trigger-arm q and is pressed back intoits socket thereby,remaining there until the release of the triggcr, whereupon the arm qmoves out of the way of the pin and the latter springs out into itsproper position, Where it lies against the beveled upper end of thetrigger-arm.

The trigger-arm is placed on the left side of the frame a in front ofthe butt 7a, and works in and is guided by an arc-shaped groove in theframe a, being retained therein by a cover. The arm q is preferably madein one piece with the trigger q and countertrigger g, which as usual ispressed forward by a spring. Because of the one-sided position of thearm q the triggers and triggerguard have been placed to one side,although these parts might be arranged in the middle. The rear arm ofthe sear i is pressed inward by the spring Fig. 5 shows the pistol readyto be fired.

- ()n pulling the trigger the beveled upper end of the trigger-arm qslides across the pin 2" and presses this end of the sear inwardly,thereby swinging out the sear-nose and releasing the stop d of thefiring-pin, so that the pin is released and fires the cartridge.

The cartridge-magazine m is shoved up from below into the hollow butt k,and is kept in place by a spring-snap r, (shown detached in Fig. 12,)catching into a corresponding recess m, Fig. 10, in the upper end of therib formed by the junction of the sheet-metal walls of the magazine. Torelease the magazine, the head of the snap r, projecting at the leftside of the frame, is pressed in, thereby disengaging it from themagazine, whereupon the latter may be drawn down by means of the sideknobs m so that it may be refilled or replaced by another full magazine.The

cartridges are held in the magazine against the upward pressure of thespring m by inwardly-turned lips m of the opposite magazine-wallspartially overlapping the rear portion of the uppermost cartridge, asshown in Figs. 8, 9, and 10. is cut out at its top, so that theadvancing bolt 0 is enabled to push the cartridge along between the lipsm and forward into the barrel b. The snap r is actuated by a flat spring1", Fig. 12, which bears also under the safetyslide it for steadyin gits motion. This safetyslide is guided by a corresponding groove milledin the lefthand outer side of the frame a.

The rear of the magazine To enable the pistol to be fired, thesafetyslide must be drawn down until its top edge is flush with that ofthe frame a, the slide being then entirely below the sear i; but when itis desired to lock the pistol so that it cannot be fired thesafety-slide is slid upward, so that its upper part projects across therear arm of the seart' behind a projection thereon, as shown in Figs. 1and 3, so that the sear-nose is held from moving outward to release thefiring-pin, and the barrel b with its slides h is made immovable. At thesame timethe trigger q is fixed in position, since the trigger-arm qlies across the now immovable pin 2'. The safety-slide u is convenientlyoperated by the thumb of the right hand ,which holds the pistol by thebutt 7.;- So also is the snap r. The sight 1; is mounted upon the top ofthe thrust-piece a of the frame a, and the front sight 1) is mountedupon the barrel near the muzzle, so that the aim is made very accurate.

I do not claim as my invention, broadly, a firearm having alongitudinally-movable barrel actuated by the recoil, a breech-bolt,links connecting said breech-bolt and barrel, means for returning thebarrel to position after recoil, and in echanism for actuating the linksto withdraw the breech-bolt and open the breech and for returning thebreech-bolt to normal position, as such firearm is, broadly, old priorto my invention; but what I do claim is those features of improvement infirearms of this general character or of any analogous orrecoil-operatin g character which are hereinafter set forth in theclaims constituting part of this specification.

I claim as my invention the following-defined novel features,substantially as hereinbefore specified, namely:

1. An automatic repeating firearm, comprising, a frame provided with agrip at its front part and a curved thrust-piece at its rear end, anautomaticallyoperating cartridge-magazine arranged in the said gripunder the breech, and a trigger mechanism, a sear, and an empty-shellejector, all carried by the said'frame; in combination with a barrelprovided with slides, a breech-bolt slidable in the said slides, afiring-pin slidable in the said breech-bolt, and a togglejoint pivotedto the said breech-bolt and to the said slides and adapted to strike thesaid thrust-piece thereby opening the breech, the said slides togetherwith all the said elements carried by them being slidable in the saidframe; and a spring connected to the togglejoint and to the frame andoperating to push forward the said slides and all the elements carriedby them together with a cartridge after the said parts have been forcedrearwardly by the recoil on firing a cartridge and the empty shell hasbeen ejected, substantially as set forth.

2. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame having slideways, of the sliding barrel having slideswork ing in said ways, the sliding bolt, the togglejoint ff, having itsrear link pivoted to said slides and its front link connected to saidbolt, and the cam-faced thrust-piece a fixed in the frame and engaged bythe rear togglelink during the recoil to double up the toggle and openthe breech.

3. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame (1 having slideways, of the sliding barrel I) havingslides h it working in said ways, the sliding bolt 0, the toggle-jointffwith its front link jointed to the bolt and its rear link pivoted on atransverse spindle h, the said spindle connected to said slides h andsliding in slots k in the lockcase, and the cam-faced thrustpiece aengaged by the rear toggledink to double up the toggle during the recoilmovement.

-t. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and sliding barrel and breecl1bolt, of a toggle-joint ff one link of which is jointed to the breechbolt and the other linkturns on an axis and is connected to the barrel and frame so as toreceive the recoil of the barrel, and a spring It seated in said frameand connected to the toggle-joint to be compressed by the doubling up ofthe latter during the recoil and exerting its tension against thetoggle-joint for straightening the latter and thereby restoring thebarrel and closing the breech.

5. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and sliding barrel and breech-bolt, of a toggle-joint ff the front link of which is jointed to the breech-bolt and the rearlink turns on a spindle connected to the barrel and has a rearward armbearing a roller, a cam -shaped thrust-piece a fixed in the lock-caseand which is engaged by said roller to double up the toggle-joint uponthe recoil movement, and a butter-spring 0 which engages said rollertoward the end of said movement and arrests the moving parts.

(3. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and sliding barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin, thelatter having a stop (1, of a toggle-joint ff connected to the barreland frame to be doubled up by the recoil movement, with its front link fjointed to the bolt to draw it back during said movement and formed withan arm f 3 engaging said stop cl for cocking the firingpin during thesame movement, the sear i engaging said stop to hold the firingpincocked during the forward or reloading movement, and a trigger q inmechanical connection with said sear.

7. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combi nation with asupporting-frame, the sliding barrel, the breech-bolt and thefiring-pin, the latter having a stop (1, of mechanism acting during therecoil movement to draw back the breech-bolt and open the breech and todraw back the firing-pin within the breechbolt, a sear 2' connected tothe barrel so as to slide therewith and engaging said stop (1 to holdthe firing-pin cooked, and a trigger q mounted on the stationary frameand having a mechanical connection with said sear when the pistol isloaded and ready for firing.

8. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame, the sliding barrel, the breech-bolt and thefiring-pin, the latter having a stop d, of mechanism acting during therecoil movement to draw back the breech-bolt and to draw back thefiring-pin within the breech-bolt, a sear 2' connected to the barrel andengaging said stop (Z' to hold the firing-pin cocked, a trigger qmounted on the stationary frame and having a triggerarm q formed with aninclined face, and a spring-pin i mounted in the scar and engaged bysaid inclined face on the trigger-arm when the pistol is loaded andready for firing.

9. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and the sliding barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin andthe reloading mechanism operated by the recoil, of a scar i for engagingthe firing-pin andholding it cocked, connected to said barrel andmovable therewith during the recoil movement, and a trigger q having atrigger-arm q pivotally mounted on the stationary frame and arranged inposition to engage the scar when the pistol is loaded.

10. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and the sliding barrel, breech-bolt and firing-pin, thereloading mechanism operated by the recoil, and the sear i for holdingthe firing-pin cocked, of a safety-slide a mounted on the side of theframe and movable into or out of engagement with said scar and adaptedwhen in engagement therewith to block its releasing movement.

11. In a recoil magazine-pistol, the combination with thesupporting-frame and the sliding barrel having slides sliding in saidbarrel, and a frame movably carrying said barrel, in combination with alink pivoted to said bolt at one end, a second link connected at one endto and operating said first link, fulcrumed to said barrel andprojecting at its other end beyond said fulcrum and operated by itsprojecting end to move said bolt.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

HUGO BORCHARDT.

Witnesses:

W. H. EDWARDS, W. HAUPT.

